How does the five-stage filtration technology gradually purify water?

The five-stage filtration technology is the most common and efficient water purification method in modern household water filter equipment. It purifies water layer by layer through different types of filter elements to achieve safe and pure water quality standards. It can not only remove large particles of impurities, silt, rust and other solid suspended matter, but also effectively filter bacteria, viruses, heavy metals and organic pollutants, while improving the taste of water to ensure that the final drinking water is sweeter and more delicious.

In the entire water purification process, the first line of defense is the PP cotton filter element (PPF), which is made of polypropylene fiber and has a high density. It is specially used to intercept large particles of impurities in the water, such as silt, rust, suspended matter, etc. When tap water enters the water purification equipment, it first passes through the PP cotton filter element, which will effectively intercept the solid particulate matter in the water to prevent these impurities from clogging the subsequent filtration system or affecting the service life of the filter element. Without this primary filtration, larger impurity particles may directly enter the subsequent precision filter element, reducing the water purification efficiency of the equipment and even damaging the core filter membrane.

After the first layer of filtration, the water will enter the second-level granular activated carbon filter element (UDF). The main task of this stage is to absorb residual chlorine, odor, some organic matter and some chemical pollutants that are harmful to human health in the water. Chlorine is used in the disinfection process of tap water, and the residual chlorine in the water not only affects the taste, but also may react with organic matter in the water to form some harmful disinfection by-products. Granular activated carbon filter has a strong adsorption capacity and can effectively remove these substances, making the taste of water purer while reducing adverse effects on human health.

After entering the third stage of filtration, the water will pass through the compressed activated carbon filter (CTO), which is a high-density carbon block filter. Compared with the granular activated carbon in the previous stage, it has a stronger adsorption capacity and can further remove odor, residual chlorine, colloids, bacteria and some heavy metal pollutants in the water. This layer of filtration supplements and strengthens the second-stage activated carbon filtration, so that the water quality can be purified at a deeper level. At the same time, it can also protect the subsequent core filter membrane to avoid being blocked by large particle pollutants or harmful substances that are not completely adsorbed, and improve the service life and stability of the entire water purification system.

The fourth stage of filtration is the core of the entire water purification system. It usually uses RO reverse osmosis membrane or ultrafiltration membrane for deep purification. The filtration pore size of RO reverse osmosis membrane is very small, about 0.0001 microns, which is much smaller than the diameter of bacteria and viruses. Therefore, it can effectively remove most harmful substances in the water, including heavy metal ions, bacteria, viruses, pesticide residues, soluble solids, etc., so that the water quality reaches the standard of pure water. For areas with serious water pollution, RO reverse osmosis membrane is an ideal purification method. The pore size of ultrafiltration membrane is slightly larger, about 0.01 microns. Although it cannot completely remove soluble solids and heavy metal ions, it can effectively remove bacteria, suspended matter and most viruses, and relatively more retains the mineral components in the water. Families in different regions and with different needs can choose the appropriate membrane technology according to their own situation.

After completing the core purification, the water also needs to pass through the fifth stage post-activated carbon filter (T33). The main function of this stage is to further improve the taste of the water, making it sweeter and smoother. Water purified by RO reverse osmosis membranes usually removes most impurities, but it may also lose some minerals, making the water taste slightly monotonous. The post-activated carbon filter can absorb residual odors and adjust the pH value of the water to make it more suitable for drinking. It can also further ensure the purity of the water and prevent the water from being contaminated again during storage and circulation.